Âîò îñíîâíûå àñïåêòû ãðàììàòèêè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ íà÷èíàþùèõ: 1. Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå (Nouns) • ...

Âîò îñíîâíûå àñïåêòû ãðàììàòèêè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà äëÿ íà÷èíàþùèõ:

1. Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå (Nouns)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå — ýòî ñëîâà, êîòîðûå îáîçíà÷àþò ëþäåé, ìåñòà, âåùè èëè èäåè.

• Ïðèìåðû: cat (êîò), city (ãîðîä), love (ëþáîâü).

2. Ãëàãîëû (Verbs)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ãëàãîëû — ýòî ñëîâà, êîòîðûå îáîçíà÷àþò äåéñòâèÿ èëè ñîñòîÿíèÿ.

• Ïðèìåðû: run (áåæàòü), eat (åñòü), be (áûòü).

3. Ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå (Adjectives)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå îïèñûâàþò ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå.

• Ïðèìåðû: happy (ñ÷àñòëèâûé), tall (âûñîêèé), blue (ñèíèé).

4. Íàðå÷èÿ (Adverbs)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Íàðå÷èÿ îïèñûâàþò ãëàãîëû, ïðèëàãàòåëüíûå èëè äðóãèå íàðå÷èÿ.

• Ïðèìåðû: quickly (áûñòðî), very (î÷åíü), well (õîðîøî).

5. Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (Pronouns)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ çàìåíÿþò ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå.

• Ïðèìåðû: I (ÿ), you (òû), he (îí), she (îíà), it (îíî), we (ìû), they (îíè).

6. Ïðåäëîãè (Prepositions)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ïðåäëîãè ñâÿçûâàþò ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûå èëè ìåñòîèìåíèÿ ñ äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè â ïðåäëîæåíèè.

• Ïðèìåðû: in (â), on (íà), at (ó), with (ñ).

7. Ñîþçû (Conjunctions)

• Îïðåäåëåíèå: Ñîþçû ñîåäèíÿþò ñëîâà, ôðàçû èëè ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.

• Ïðèìåðû: and (è), but (íî), or (èëè), because (ïîòîìó ÷òî).

8. Ñòðóêòóðà ïðåäëîæåíèÿ

• Îñíîâíîé ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ:  àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïîðÿäîê SVO (Subject - Verb - Object):

• Ïðèìåð: "I eat apples." (ß åì ÿáëîêè.)

9. Âðåìåíà

• Íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present Simple): Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ðåãóëÿðíûõ äåéñòâèé.

• Ïðèìåð: "She reads books." (Îíà ÷èòàåò êíèãè.)


• Ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ (Past Simple): Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ äåéñòâèé, êîòîðûå ïðîèçîøëè â ïðîøëîì.

• Ïðèìåð: "He played soccer." (Îí èãðàë â ôóòáîë.)


• Áóäóùåå âðåìÿ (Future Simple): Èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ äåéñòâèé, êîòîðûå ïðîèçîéäóò â áóäóùåì.

• Ïðèìåð: "They will travel tomorrow." (Îíè áóäóò ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü çàâòðà.)

10. Âîïðîñû è îòðèöàíèÿ

• Äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ âîïðîñîâ îáû÷íî ìåíÿåòñÿ ïîðÿäîê ñëîâ:

• Ïðèìåð: "Do you like pizza?" (Òû ëþáèøü ïèööó?)


• Äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ îòðèöàíèé äîáàâëÿåòñÿ "not":

• Ïðèìåð: "I do not like pizza." (Ìíå íå íðàâèòñÿ ïèööà.)

Ýòè îñíîâíûå ïðàâèëà ïîìîãóò âàì íà÷àòü èçó÷åíèå àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêè.