Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå — ýòî îñîáàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ãëàãîëîâ, êîòîðûå âûðàæàþò âîçìîæíîñòü, ...

Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå — ýòî îñîáàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ãëàãîëîâ, êîòîðûå âûðàæàþò âîçìîæíîñòü, íåîáõîäèìîñòü, ðàçðåøåíèå, ñïîñîáíîñòü è äðóãèå ìîäàëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ. Îíè íå èçìåíÿþòñÿ ïî ëèöàì è ÷èñëàì è îáû÷íî èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñ îñíîâíûì ãëàãîëîì â ôîðìå èíôèíèòèâà áåç ÷àñòèöû "to".

Îñíîâíûå ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû:

1. Can — âûðàæàåò ñïîñîáíîñòü èëè âîçìîæíîñòü.

• Ïðèìåð: She can swim. (Îíà óìååò ïëàâàòü.)

2. Could — ïðîøåäøàÿ ôîðìà îò "can", òàêæå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ âåæëèâûõ ïðîñüá.

• Ïðèìåð: Could you help me? (Íå ìîãëè áû âû ìíå ïîìî÷ü?)

3. May — óêàçûâàåò íà ðàçðåøåíèå èëè âîçìîæíîñòü.

• Ïðèìåð: You may leave early. (Âû ìîæåòå óéòè ïîðàíüøå.)

4. Might — áîëåå ñëàáàÿ ôîðìà "may", èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ ìåíüøåé âåðîÿòíîñòè.

• Ïðèìåð: It might rain tomorrow. (Çàâòðà ìîæåò ïîéòè äîæäü.)

5. Must — âûðàæàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü èëè îáÿçàòåëüñòâî.

• Ïðèìåð: You must finish your homework. (Âû äîëæíû çàêîí÷èòü äîìàøíåå çàäàíèå.)

6. Shall — èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûðàæåíèÿ áóäóùåãî âðåìåíè, ÷àùå â âîïðîñàõ.

• Ïðèìåð: Shall we go? (Ïîéäåì?)

7. Should — óêàçûâàåò íà ðåêîìåíäàöèþ èëè ñîâåò.

• Ïðèìåð: You should see a doctor. (Âàì ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòüñÿ ê âðà÷ó.)

8. Will — âûðàæàåò áóäóùåå âðåìÿ èëè âîëþ.

• Ïðèìåð: I will call you later. (ß ïîçâîíþ òåáå ïîçæå.)

9. Would — èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âåæëèâûõ ïðîñüá è ãèïîòåòè÷åñêèõ ñèòóàöèé.

• Ïðèìåð: I would like some coffee. (ß áû õîòåë êîôå.)

Îñîáåííîñòè ìîäàëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ:

• Îòñóòñòâèå èíôèíèòèâà: Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû íå èìåþò ôîðìû èíôèíèòèâà ñ "to".

• Ïðèìåð: I can swim (íå I can to swim).

• Îòñóòñòâèå ôîðì ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè: Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû íå èìåþò ôîðì ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè, êðîìå "could" è "would".

• Îòðèöàòåëüíûå ôîðìû: Îáðàçóþòñÿ äîáàâëåíèåì "not" ïîñëå ìîäàëüíîãî ãëàãîëà.

• Ïðèìåð: She cannot swim (Îíà íå óìååò ïëàâàòü).

Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìîäàëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ â âîïðîñàõ:

Âîïðîñû ñ ìîäàëüíûìè ãëàãîëàìè îáðàçóþòñÿ ïóòåì èíâåðñèè:

• Can you help me? (Òû ìîæåøü ìíå ïîìî÷ü?)

• Must we leave now? (Ìû äîëæíû óéòè ñåé÷àñ?)